Keyboard Shortcuts

Usually, when first learning the software, the novice will go to the tool palette to switch back and forth between the pen and other tools. This is very time consuming and there are provisions in the software to switch tools without having to select them from the tool palette. The keys on both the right-hand and left-hand sides of the spacebar are used for this purpose. Shown below are the keyboard hand positions for a right-handed mouse:

Left hand keys - Windows®	Left hand keys - Macintosh®
Shift = Alt = Ctrl =	Shift Option Command

The diagram above shows the hand positions (for a right handed mouse) to take advantage of keyboard shortcuts for drawing with the pen. This is the quickest way to use the pen.

Mac® users will use various combinations of the Shift, Option and Command keys, while Windows users will use parallel combinations of the Shift, Ctrl and Alt keys.

For example, while actively drawing a path with the pen tool, Windows Illustrator users can press the Ctrl key to switch between the pen and the selection tool while at the same time press the Shift key to constrain a line to 45° increments. When finished making the adjustment, the user simply releases the keys and resumes drawing with the pen tool - all without resorting to the tool palette.

Following this tutorial are step by step examples to drill the point.

Using Clipping Paths In Photoshop

A clipping path is a means to make parts of an image opaque and parts of an image transparent. Usually it is used to "knock out" the background. It is also a way of changing the rectangular-shaped boundary of a bitmap image into a shape of your choice. Clipping paths are made with the pen tool in Photoshop. The path itself is a vector object, while the image is a bitmap. Together, the vector path and the bitmap image can be exported as an EPS file - a file format which is capable of having both vector and bitmap data in the same image.

The resulting EPS file can be placed directly into a page layout document such as one created in QuarkXPress™ or Adobe® PageMaker®. It can also be embedded (or linked) in a vector drawing file such as one created with Adobe Illustrator®, Macromedia® FreeHand® or CorelDRAW®. The EPS file can also be distilled into a PDF file (Adobe Acrobat® Portable Document Format) with Adobe Acrobat Distiller™. In all these applications the clipping path will knock out the background of the image.

1. Let's make one. Below is a bird over a green background. Let's cut out the bird. Then we can give the bird a new background or simply place it over a plain white background. This image was chosen because the subject (the bird) is very smooth and curved making it an ideal candidate for the pen rather than the selection tools.



2. First we use the pen to draw the path. Click the Paths tab on the Layers Palette. Then click the "New Path" icon on the bottom. The default path name for the new path is "Path 1".



3. Draw the path with the pen. Try to place as few points as possible, adding points only when necessary.



4. Below is a view of the path itself.



5. Photoshop allows more than one path to be embedded in a file. There can be only one clipping path so you have to assign which path is to be the clipping path. In the path options menu, click "Clipping Path".



6. In the dialog choose "Path 1" to be the clipping path. The flatness value determines how closely the path conforms to the curves. The lower the number, the more closely the path will conform to the curves. Enter a value and click "OK"



7. Next you need to save the file, then save a copy as an EPS file. Click:

File > Save

followed by...

File > Save a Copy

Choose "Photoshop EPS" as the file type, then enter a filename and click "Save".

8. Shown below is the effect of the clipping path. The EPS file will print out like this on a PostScript® printer. To see the effect of the clipping path on screen you can open the EPS file in a drawing program (such as Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW or Macromedia FreeHand) or you can place the EPS file in a page layout program such as QuarkXPress or Adobe PageMaker or you can distill the EPS file with Adobe Acrobat Distiller and view the resulting PDF file in Acrobat.

Note: If you open the EPS file in Photoshop, you won't be able to see the effect of the clipping path. To do so you either have to print it out on a PostScript® printer or view it on screen using one of the methods described above.

9. For example, you can load an image into one of the page layout or illustration programs mentioned above to function as a new background...



10. Then you can drop the EPS image right over it.

Selecting Anchor Points and Modifying Paths In Photoshop

Selecting All Points In A Path
1. Press and hold the Option/Alt key. With the Direct Selection Tool click anywhere on the path. All the anchor points are selected. Selected anchor points become solid.




Deselecting All Points In A Path

2.Using the direct selection tool, click away from the path. All points are deselected.




Marquee Select Method

3. Using the direct selection tool drag a marquee around the path.



4. Release the mouse button. All the anchor points are selected. Selected anchor points become solid.




Selecting Individual Points

5. With all the anchor points now visible, use the direct selection tool to drag a marquee around the anchor points you want to select.



6. Release the mouse button. Now only the points enclosed within the marquee are selected (and solid) and all other points become deselected (and hollow).




Adjusting Path Segments

7. Use the direct selection tool and click and hold the mouse button on a line segment you wish to adjust



8. Drag the line segment to the desired shape. Release the mouse button when finished.

Opening and Closing Paths In Photoshop

How To Open A Closed Path

1. With the Direct Selection Tool select an anchor point. The anchor point becomes solid.



2. Press the delete key. Both segments on either side of the selected anchor point will be deleted.

How To Close An Open Path

Drag and Resume Method

1. With the pen tool click and drag an anchor point of one open end. This starts adding to the path again. The pen tool changes into a black arrowhead. Release the mouse button after dragging.



2. Position the pen tool over the anchor point at the other open end. When the small loop appears next to the pen tip, the next click closes the path.



3. Click once to close path.




Click and Resume Method

1. With the pen tool click an anchor point of one open end and release the mouse button. This starts adding to the path again.



2. Direction lines will extend from the point...



3. Position the pen tool over the anchor point at the other open end. When the small loop appears next to the pen tip, the next click closes the path.



4. Click once to close path.